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Could Your Medication Be Causing Anxiety or Depression?

July 12, 2026

Anxiety and depression can have many sources, whether it’s stress, sleep problems, caffeine or even underlying health conditions.

But sometimes, the cause might be hiding in an unexpected place: your medication.

That doesn’t mean the medication is wrong for you. But certain drugs can have side effects that affect your mood, sleep or nervous system.

“Some medications designed to treat a specific condition can also cause feelings of anxiety, nervousness or mood changes as a side effect,” says Marina Rosengren, MD, a psychiatrist with Hartford HealthCare. “This is sometimes called medication-induced anxiety or depression and can happen when a drug affects brain chemistry or stimulates the nervous system.”

Here’s how to recognize when a medication may be causing your anxiety or mood changes and what you should know before assuming the worst.

Some medications can affect your nervous system

Many medications interact with the brain or nervous system. In some cases, that can lead to symptoms like nervousness, restlessness or increased anxiety. When that happens, it may be a sign that a medication is contributing to — or even causing — anxiety symptoms.

“Medications work in different ways throughout the body,” Dr. Rosengren says. “When they affect the nervous system, some people may notice feelings similar to anxiety or depression.”

These effects are usually mild or temporary as your body adjusts to a new medication. But if symptoms are persistent or disruptive, it’s worth bringing them up with your healthcare provider.

> Related: Why Does Caffeine Make Me Anxious?

Decongestants and stimulants can feel like anxiety

Some medications are designed to stimulate the body. While that can be helpful for treating certain conditions, it can also cause physical sensations that resemble anxiety.

“Some medications may increase heart rate, cause jitteriness or restlessness,” Dr. Rosengren says. “Those physical symptoms can sometimes be mistaken for anxiety.”

Examples include stimulant medications used for ADHD, certain asthma medications and some over-the-counter cold or allergy products.

If you already struggle with anxiety, these effects may feel more noticeable.

> Related: Feeling Stuck? Here’s When to Consider Therapy

Steroids and hormone medications can affect mood

Some medications influence hormone levels or inflammation in the body. In certain cases, that can lead to temporary mood changes.

“Steroid medications are known to cause mood-related side effects in some people,” Dr. Rosengren says. “People may report feeling more anxious, restless or irritable while taking them.”

Hormone therapies and some other medications can occasionally have similar effects. While these side effects don’t happen to everyone, it’s important to pay attention to changes after starting a new medication.

Sometimes the timing or dose makes a difference

Medication-related anxiety doesn’t always mean the drug itself is the problem.

In some cases, symptoms are related to when the medication is taken or the dose you’re using.

“Taking certain medications later in the day may interfere with sleep or increase restlessness,” Dr. Rosengren explains. “Adjusting the timing or dose can sometimes improve those symptoms.”

Your provider may also suggest alternative medications if a side effect becomes bothersome.

> Related: How to Train Your Brain to Be Happier

Never stop a medication on your own

If you think your medication is affecting your mood or anxiety, the most important step is talking with your provider. Even if you think a medication might be causing your anxiety, it’s important not to stop taking it on your own.

Stopping a medication suddenly can sometimes make symptoms worse or lead to other health problems.

“Patients should never discontinue a medication without speaking to their healthcare provider,” Dr. Rosengren says. “We can help determine whether the medication may be contributing to anxiety and what adjustments might help.”

In many cases, small changes, like adjusting the dose, switching medications or changing when you take them, can make a big difference.

> Related: Why Am I Crying So Much Lately?

Here’s when it’s time to see your doctor

If you notice new or worsening anxiety after starting a medication, it’s worth bringing it up with your provider.

You should reach out if you experience:

• Persistent nervousness or restlessness
• Rapid heart rate or jitteriness
• Trouble sleeping after starting a medication
• Mood changes that interfere with daily life

“These conversations help ensure your medications are working the way they should,” Dr. Rosengren says.

The goal isn’t to stop important medications. It’s to make sure your treatment plan supports both your physical and mental health.